Accuracy of scatterometer-derived winds using the Cramer-Rao bound

A wind scatterometer makes measurements of the normalized radar-backscatter coefficient of the ocean surface. To retrieve the wind, a geophysical model function (GMF), which relates to the near-surface wind, is used. The wind vector can be estimated using maximum-likelihood techniques from several measurements made at different azimuth angles. The probability density of the measured is assumed to be Gaussian with a variance that depends on the true and therefore, depends on the wind through the GMF. With this model for wind estimation, the Cramér–Rao (C–R) bound is derived for wind estimation, and its implications for wind retrieval are discussed. As part of this discussion, the role of geophysical modeling error is considered and shown to play a significant role in the performance of near-surface wind estimates. The C–R bound is illustrated using parameters from the ERS AMI, NSCAT, and SeaWinds scatterometers.